pracma NEWS

pracma 2.4.6 (2025-10-20)

• Corrected erfz() with erfz(0) = 0.
• simpson() DeepSeek code for the 1/3 Simpson rule.

pracma 2.4.5 (2024-05-23)

• Changed midpoint() to run without Richardson approximation.
• In fmincon(), added ‘…’ variables for the numerical gradient.

pracma 2.4.4 (2023-11-08)

• gcd(), Lcm() now require integers as input (G. Rücker reported).
• Corrections (missing brackets) in several Rd files.

pracma 2.4.3 (2023-08-15)

• Corrected a bug in the help file of nelder_mead().
• Added stereographic projection and its inverse as functions stereographic() and stereographic_inv().

pracma 2.4.2 (2022-09-21)

• Corrected a bug in logit() - ‘length_1 error’ again.
• Replaced ‘class() =’ with ‘inherits(…)’ in function ppval().

pracma 2.4.1 (2022-08-03)

• Added an example of using inequality constraints with anms().
• Added more vectorized ‘distmat2’ to the help page of ‘distmat’.

pracma 2.4.0 (2022-04-01)

• hessvec() approximates the multiplication of Hessian and vector (thanks to Ravi Varadhan for pointing out Pearlmutter’s method).
• hessdiag() computes the diagonal of Hessian (finite differences).

pracma 2.3.9 (2022-03-22)

• Spherical coordinates better explained in help files.
• Deprecated option ‘fast’ was removed from circlefit().

pracma 2.3.8 (2022-02-19)

• ‘length_1 eror’ for logical operators on integral() help page.
• Bug in pinv() for complex input, reported by Stephane Laurent.

pracma 2.3.7 (2022-01-17)

• Added lu_crout(), Crout’s algorithm for LU matrix decomposition.
• Corrected a small bug in randi(), thanks to Luke Cherveny.

pracma 2.3.6 (2021-12-03)

• Corrected randortho() with return value ‘q %% diag(ph) # %% q’, as researched and reported by Daniel Kessler; thanks a lot.
• Function deeve() requires the x-coordinates to be sorted.
• Removed the Nile data (without warning).

pracma 2.3.5 (2021-07-10)

• Corrected a bug in subspace() - thanks to David Fleischer.
• Corrected a small but annoying bug in steep_descent().
• Allows for complex matrices in pinv() (and mldivide()).

pracma 2.3.4 (2021-03-18)

• Small correction in ‘movavg()’: default type now is ‘s’.

pracma 2.3.3 (2021-01-22)

• Forgot to correct URL addresses in the Readme.md file.

pracma 2.3.2 (2021-01-16)

• Removed and corrected URL addresses from ‘http’ to ‘https’.

pracma 2.3.1 (2021-01-13)

• ‘ellipke’ help page: compute circumference of an ellipse.
• ‘Mode()’ now handling all types of NAs (thx. Michael Henry).

pracma 2.3.0 (2020-04-09)

• circlefit(): option ‘fast’ is deprecated and will not be used.
• gammainc(0, a) returns 0, thanks to Mark Chappell for reporting.
• ndims() now returns 1 for vectors and 0 for empty objects.

pracma 2.2.9 (2019-12-15)

• Changed URL reference of Abramowitz and Stegun (link missing).
• Fixed warning with the ‘try’ construct in several functions using ‘if(inherits(e, “try-error”))’ (help from Bert Gunter).
• Link to R Base HTML help page gave a warning (for Windows).

pracma 2.2.8 (2019-07-09)

• erfi() returns real values when the input values are all real.
• hypot() now allows for scalar plus numeric vector as inputs.

pracma 2.2.7 (2019-05-21)

• Polynomial division with polydiv(); for two plynomials polygcf() finds the greatest common factor; and rootmult() returns the multiplicity of a polynomial root (or 0).
• polyroots() refines the result of roots() in case of roots with multiplicities (where roots() is quite inaccurate).

pracma 2.2.6 (2019-05-02)

• All polynomial functions now accept complex coefficients, esp. roots() finds roots for complex polynomials.
• Fixed a bug in laguerre() for zeros of complex polynomials.

pracma 2.2.5 (2019-04-08)

• fsolve() and broyden() are no longer applicable to univariate functions (Morrison-Sherman formula not working in this case).
• Alias cgmin() and option ‘dfree=F’ in fminsearch() are removed, both have been deprecated since half a year.

pracma 2.2.4 (2018-12-12)

• qpsolve() minimizes quadratic forms such as 0.5 t(x) x - d x with linear quality and inequality constraints.
• fmincon() now has an ‘augmented Lagrangian’ option with a ‘variable metric’ approach as inner solver.

pracma 2.2.3 (2018-12-10)

• linearproj() linear projection onto a linear subspace, and affineproj() linear projection onto an affine subspace of R^n.

pracma 2.2.2 (2018-11-30)

• Corrected “length > 1 in coercion to logical” in expm().

pracma 2.2.1 (2018-11-30)

• fminunc() unconstrained minimization of nonlinear objective function, based on stripped-down ‘Rvmmin’ code by John Nash.
• ‘fmincon()’ minimization of nonlinear objective function with constraints; wraps suggested package NlcOptim with SQP method.

pracma 2.2.0 (2018-11-27)

• Reintroduced ‘nelder_mead()’ and ‘hooke_jeeves()’.
• fminsearch() now calls ‘Nelder-Mead’ or ‘Hooke-Jeeves’, i.e., derivative-free methods only; ‘dfree=F’ gets deprecated.

pracma 2.1.9 (2018-11-22)

• Renamed ‘cgmin()’ to its original name ‘fletcher_powell’, alias ‘cgmin’ is deprecated since this version.
• Removed alias ‘normest2’ that was anyway non-existing.

pracma 2.1.8 (2018-10-16)

• Corrected a bug in hessenberg() reported by Ben Ubah.

pracma 2.1.7 (2018-09-24)

• Removed the deprecated ‘rortho’ function, use randortho() instead.

pracma 2.1.6 (2018-09-09)

• Si(), Ci() sine and cosine integral functions added.
• Added dot notation for brent(), bisect(), newton(), halley(), and ridders() – on request of John Nash for the histRalg project.

pracma 2.1.4 (2018-01-29)

• shubert() implements one-dimensional Shubert-Piyavskii method.
• fminsearch() and anms() stop for one-dimensional minimization.

pracma 2.1.3 (2018-01-23)

• bsxfun() now uses sweep() for matrices in search of higher speed.
• direct1d() removed because slow and not effective.

pracma 2.1.2 (2018-01-21)

• poisson2disk() approximate Poisson disk distribution
• Corrected small bug in findpeaks(), reported by Mike Badescu.

pracma 2.1.1 (2017-11-21)

• Added a field “Authors@R” in the DESCRIPTION, deleted others.
• Added README.md and NEWS.md (for a future Github repository).
• Needed a new version for resubmitting (because of ‘survivalsvm’)

pracma 2.1.0 (2017-11-20)

• Package ‘quadprog’ is now suggested, not imported; the functions quadprog() and lsqlincon() work only when ‘quadprog’ is installed.

pracma 2.0.9 (2017-09-21)

• Package byte-compiled on loading (Requires R version >= 3.1.0).

pracma 2.0.8 (2017-09-20)

• findpeaks() function not checking for NAs (reported by Wesley Burr).
• fplot() extra parameters were not handed over to plotting routine.

pracma 2.0.7 (2017-06-17)

• bernstein() generates the Bernstein polynomial B_,_().
• legendre(n,_) corrected for n=0, thanks to Peter W. Marcy.
• cgmin() alias for fletcher_powell(), a constraint gradient method.

pracma 2.0.6 (2017-06-06)

• polyvalm() evaluates a polynomial in the matrix sense.
• arnoldi() Arnoldi iteration (incl. Hessenberg matrix).

pracma 2.0.5 (2017-04-30)

• integral() redesigned, less methods, several starting intervals with regular or random intermediate nodes (similar to MATLAB).
• quadgr() corrected as functions vectorized with Vectorize() did not behave as expected with apply(); still needs vectorization.
• Help page of quadgk() did not mention the need for vectorization.

pracma 2.0.4 (2017-04-01)

• hessenberg() computes the Hessenberg form of a matrix through Householder transformations (this is named hess() in MATLAB).

pracma 2.0.3 (2017-03-23)

• Corrected functions with conditions in control statements with conditions of length greater than one: rem().

pracma 2.0.2 (2017-02-23)

• isposdef() test for positive definiteness of a (real) matrix.
• hooke_jeeves() removed; similar implementations are available in packages ‘dfoptim::hjk[b]’ and ‘adagio::hookejeeves’.

pracma 2.0.1 (2017-02-06)

• nelder_mead() replaced by an adaptive Nelder-Mead implementation, anms(), following F. Gao and L. Han.
• fminsearch() now calls this new version of Nelder-Mead.

pracma 2.0.0 (2017-01-26)

• incgam(x,a) computes the incomplete upper gamma function using the R function pgamma for higher precision than gammainc().
• Corrected a small oversight in hurstexp(), thnx George Ostrouchov.

pracma 1.9.9 (2017-01-10)

• Slightly changed the description lines on request of CRAN.

pracma 1.9.8 (2017-01-10)

• whittaker() finally implemented avoiding the sparse matrix package.
• nelder_mead() now applies adaptive parameters for the simplicial search, depending on the dimension of the problem space.
• psinc(x,n), the so-called periodic sinc function.

pracma 1.9.7 (2016-12-14)

• shooting() implements the shooting method for boundary value problems of second order differential equations.
• interp2() corrected the help page with size(z) = length(y) length(x).
• Corrected a small oversight on the help page of Gauss-Laguerre.

pracma 1.9.6 (2016-09-11)

• haversine() Haversine formula for geographical distances on earth.
• trigonometric functions accepting degrees instead of inputs in radians: sind cosd tand cotd secd cscd asind acosd atand acotd asecd acscd atan2d

pracma 1.9.5 (2016-09-06)

• fprintf() mimicks MATLAB’s function of the same name.
• Added ezsurf(), an easy surface plot following MATLAB.
• fplot() is almost an alias for ezplot(); please note that in future versions ez…() will be renamed to f…() according MATLAB 2016/17.

pracma 1.9.4 (2016-07-27)

• rortho() renamed to randortho(), the underlying code was buggy (not truely random) and has been replaced, thanks to Jan Tuitman.
• an error in the final step of calculating approx_energy() was corrected, thanks to Daniel Krefl.

pracma 1.9.3 (2016-05-28)

• bvp() now solves boundary value problems for linear 2nd order ODEs using a ‘finite differences’ approach and a tridiagonal solver.
• polyfit2() has been removed, use polyfix() instead.

pracma 1.9.2 (2016-03-04)

• romberg() corrected an error estimation that diminished the accuracy.
• trapzfun() realizes trapezoidal integration with iterated calculations.

pracma 1.9.1 (2016-02-15)

• fractalcurve() generates some fractal curves of order n, i.e. the Hilbert, Sierpinski, Snowflake, Dragon, and Molecule curves.
• ode23(), ode23s() changed the size of the returned components, now it is similar to what is returned by ode45() and ode78().
• arclength() corrected a boundary condition (‘on the left’), added an example how to generate an arc-length parametrization of a curve.

pracma 1.9.0 (2015-12-17)

• quadprog() solves quadratic programming problems (QP) with linear equality and inequality constraints, based on package ‘quadprog’.
• lsqlincon() solves linear least-squares problems with linear equality and inequality constraints (as well as bound constraints).
• pracma now imports package ‘quadprog’.

pracma 1.8.9 (2015-12-05)

• polyfix() fits a polynomial that exactly passes through given fixed points. polyfit2() will be deprecated in future versions.
• Important bug fix for polyApprox() (thanks to Max Marchi).

pracma 1.8.8 (2015-10-28)

• Option ‘minpeakdistance’ for function findpeaks() added (thanks to Razvan Chereji for providing a workable approach).

pracma 1.8.7 (2015-07-20)

• Removed invperm().
• ‘linear’ is now the default method for interp1().
• Cases n = 0, 1 for legendre() corrected (thanks to Nuzhdin Yury).

pracma 1.8.6 (2015-07-11)

• Removed two non-existing links pointing to Gander’s pages at the ETHZ.
• Removed a link explaining approximate entropy.

pracma 1.8.5 (2015-07-07)

• Added ‘Imports’ field in description and ‘import’ in namespace, as requested for the new R development version.
• strrep() renamed to strRep(), because of a new function in R Base.

pracma 1.8.4 (2015-06-25)

• bernoulli() calculates the Bernoulli numbers and polynomials.
• factorial2() the product of all even resp. odd integers below n.

pracma 1.8.3 (2015-02-08)

• Deleted some URLs that were not working properly anymore.

pracma 1.8.2 (2015-02-07)

• Special functions gathered under topics ‘specfun’ resp. ‘specmat’.

pracma 1.8.1 (2015-02-06)

• sumalt() accelerating (infinite) alternating sums.
• Option ‘fast=FALSE’ in circlefit() to avoid optim().
• Added Gauss’ AGM-based computation of pi to agmean().

pracma 1.8.0 (2015-01-26)

• hurstexp() amended for vectors of uneven length.

pracma 1.7.9 (2014-11-15)

• qpspecial() special quadratic programming solver.
• Reintroduces the ‘tol’ keyword in fminbnd() for compatibility.

pracma 1.7.8 (2014-11-10)

• bulirsch_stoer() Bulirsch-Stoer method for solving ordinary differential equations with high accuracy.
• midpoint() implements the midpoint rule for solving ODEs combined with Richardson extrapolation for high accuracy.

pracma 1.7.7 (2014-11-01)

• lufact() LU factorization with partial pivoting; lusys() solves linear systems through Gaussian elimination.

pracma 1.7.6 (2014-10-30)

• ode23s() for stiff ordinary differential equations refining Rosenbrock’s method (supply Jacobian if available).
• euler_heun() Euler-Heun ODE solver has been corrected.

pracma 1.7.5 (2014-10-20)

• fminbnd() much improved implementation of Brent’s method; added challenging example by Trefethen to the help page.
• lambertWn() for the second (real) branch of Lambert W.
• Function name alias cintegral() removed.

pracma 1.7.4 (2014-10-13)

• hooke_jeeves() replaced by a much more efficient implementation and equipped with a special approach to bound constraints.
• nelder_mead() replaced by a much more efficient implementation and utilizing a transformation to handle bound constraints; functions nelmin() and nelminb() are not exported anymore.

pracma 1.7.3 (2014-10-11)

• quadinf() now uses the double exponential method with the tanh-sinh quadrature scheme for (semi-)infinite intervals.
• Removed the not-exported and too slow .quadcc() function.
• brent() alias for brentDekker(), newton() for newtonRaphson().

pracma 1.7.2 (2014-09-08)

• pchipfun() function wrapper around pchip(); missing error handling in pchip() was added.
• hurst() removed, functionality merged with hurstexp().
• Nile overflow data set 1871–1984 added as time series.

pracma 1.7.1 (2014-08-12)

• bits() binary representation of a number as string.
• agmean() returns AGM, no of iterations, and estimated precision.
• trapz() tiny improvement on error handling.

pracma 1.7.0 (2014-06-30)

• ode45() ODE solver using Dormand-Prince (4,5) coefficients.
• ode78() ODE solver using Fehlberg (7,8) coefficients.
• cintegral() renamed to line_integral().

pracma 1.6.9 (2014-06-14)

• Version 1.6.8 “Failed to build” on R-Forge. [Maybe it’s time to move pracma to a github repository.]

pracma 1.6.8 (2014-06-07)

• nelmin() a more efficient and accurate version of Nelder-Mead.
• nelminb() Nelder-Mead in bounded regions (applies a transformation).

pracma 1.6.7 (2014-05-23)

• trisolve() stopping for singular tridiagonal matrices.
• romberg() slightly improved accuracy and speed.

pracma 1.6.6 (2014-04-12)

• Corrected rref() (as pointed out by Peter Audano).

pracma 1.6.5 (2014-02-24)

• lsqnonneg() changed to an active-set approach.
• bisect() trimmed bisection to return almost exact results.

pracma 1.6.4 (2014-02-05)

• halley() Halley’s variant of the Newton-Raphson method.
• numderiv() corrected Richardson’s method by breaking the loop.

pracma 1.6.3 (2014-01-25)

• lambertWp() improved inner accuracy from 1e-12 to 1e-15.
• complexstepJ() renamed to jacobian_csd(); introduced grad_csd().
• hessian_csd() applies Richardson’s method as the second step, and the same for laplacian_csd().

pracma 1.6.2 (2014-01-19)

• Removed zeroin(); for fzero() a variation of Brent-Dekker is used, that applies cubic instead of quadratic interpolation.
• Corrected an oversight in newtonRaphson().
• brentDekker() returns a list now.

pracma 1.6.1 (2014-01-14)

• samp_entropy() complements approx_entropy() for short time series.
• Removed NEWS.Rd and NEWS.pdf in favour of NEWS.

pracma 1.6.0 (2013-12-06)

• integral3() now handles functions as inner interval limits.
• poly_crossings() calculates crossing points of two polygons.
• erfz() complex error function vectorized (thanks to Michael Lachmann).

pracma 1.5.9 (2013-11-30)

• muller() implements Muller’s root-finding method [Mueller, 1956], especially suited for polynomials and complex functions.
• Inserted a safeguard for the distmat() function to prevent different results on Mac OS X, (Ubuntu) Linux, and Windows operating systems.
• Removed pltcross() and kmeanspp().

pracma 1.5.8 (2013-11-28)

• interp1() with option method ``spline’’ now computes Moler’s spline functions, for compatibility with MATLAB (hint by Boudewijn Klijn).

pracma 1.5.7 (2013-10-11)

• Corrected parameter ‘waypoints’ in cintegral().

pracma 1.5.6 (2013-09-22)

• odregress() orthogonal distance (or: total least-squares) regression.
• Changed maintainer name to its long form (CRAN request).

pracma 1.5.5 (2013-09-11)

• L1linreg() L1 (a.k.a. LAD or median) linear regression.
• geo_median() geometric median (minimizes sum of distances).

pracma 1.5.4 (2013-08-31)

• rectint() rectangular intersection areas (MATLAB style).
• cumtrapz() cumulative trapezoidal integration (MATLAB style).
• Some corrections to help pages and function names.

pracma 1.5.3 (2013-08-25)

• arclength() length of a parametrized curve in n-dimensional space, w/ improved convergence by applying Richardson’s extrapolation method.
• legendre() associated Legendre functions (MATLAB style).

pracma 1.5.2 (2013-08-23)

• poly_center() calculates the center coordinates of a polygon.
• poly_length() calculates the (euclidean) length of a polygon.
• polyarea() corrected, returns the true, not the absolute value.

pracma 1.5.1 (2013-08-19)

• fsolve() will use broyden() if m = n; fzsolve() the same; additionally, improved broyden() and gaussNewton().
• ezplot() can draw markers on the line, with equal distances measured along the curve length.

pracma 1.5.0 (2013-08-08)

• gmres() generalized minimum residual method.
• nearest_spd() finds nearest symmetric positive-definite matrix.
• eps() floating point relative accuracy.

pracma 1.4.9 (2013-07-16)

• lapacian() now works in n dimensions, not only for n = 2.
• mldivide(), mrdivide() corrected a severe typo.
• numderiv(), numdiff() start with h = 1/2 instead of h = 1.
• figure() platform-independent by using dev.new().

pracma 1.4.8 (2013-06-17)

• findzeros() now finds ‘quadratic’ roots, too.
• pdist2() added as an alias for distmat(), while pdist(X) now is distmat(X, X) (MATLAB style).

pracma 1.4.7 (2013-05-20)

• histcc() histogram with optimized number of bins.
• Example of correction term for the trapz() integration.

pracma 1.4.6 (2013-03-31)

• psi() Psi polygamma function (MATLAB style).
• rosenbrock() and rastrigin() functions removed.

pracma 1.4.5 (2013-03-21)

• quadcc() new, iterative Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature.
• squareform() formats distance matrix (MATLAB style).

pracma 1.4.4 (2013-03-12)

• integral2() implements the two-dimensional numerical integration approach `TwoD’, i.e. Gauss-Kronrod (3, 7)-points on rectangles.
• integral3() three-dimensional integration based on integral2().
• triplequad() 3-dim. integration based on dblquad() (MATLAB style).

pracma 1.4.3 (2013-03-10)

• integral() combines adaptive numerical integration procedures.
• cintegral() complex line integrals (rectangles and curves).

pracma 1.4.2 (2013-03-03)

• linprog() linear programming solver for linear equality and inequality constraints.

pracma 1.4.1 (2013-02-20)

• romberg() Romberg integration completely rewritten.
• idivide() integer division with different roundings.

pracma 1.4.0 (2013-02-10)

• fderiv(), taylor() expanded to higher orders.
• itersolve() iteration methods for solving linear systems.
• lu() LU decomposition with different schemes (w/o pivoting).

pracma 1.3.9 (2013-01-26)

• pdist() as an alias for distmat() (MATLAB style).
• fftshift(), ifftshift() shifting Fourier frequencies.
• Improved grad(), jacobian(), hessian(), and laplacian().

pracma 1.3.8 (2013-01-10)

• Smaller corrections, e.g., removed deprecated ‘is.real’; no startup messages anymore.
• geomean(), harmmean(), trimmean() geometric, harmonic, and trimmed arithmetic mean (MATLAB style).
• agmean() algebraic-geometric mean.

pracma 1.3.7 (2013-01-07)

• mexpfit() multi-exponentiell fitting, separating linear and nonlinear parts of the problem.

pracma 1.3.6 (2013-01-06)

• lsqsep() separable least-squares fitting.
• lsqcurvefit() nonlinear least-squares curve fitting.

pracma 1.3.5 (2013-01-05)

• cd(), pwd() directory functions (MATLAB style).
• rand(), randn() changed to accept size() as input.
• whos(), what() corrected for empty lists resp. directories.

pracma 1.3.4 (2012-12-19)

• what(), who(), whos(), ver() (MATLAB style).
• semilogx(), semilogy(), loglog() logarithmic plots (MATLAB style)

pracma 1.3.3 (2012-12-12)

• quadv() vectorized integration.
• ezpolar() easy access to the polar() function.
• sortrows() sorting rows of matrices (MATLAB style).
• null() alias for nullspace function (MATLAB style).
• eigjacobi() Jacobi’s method for eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

pracma 1.3.2 (2012-12-08)

• ellipke(), ellipj() elliptic and Jacobi elliptic integrals.
• expint() implements E1 and Ei, the exponential integrals, with aliases expint_E1() and expint_Ei().
• li() the logarithmic integral (w/o offset).

pracma 1.3.1 (2012-12-06)

• Explicitely listing about 200 MATLAB-emulating function( name)s.
• Dismissed matlab(), using it now for infos only, not assigning any MATLAB function names to the environment (because of CRAN policies).

pracma 1.3.0 (2012-12-05)

• cot(), csc(), sec() cotangens, cosecans, and secans functions.
• acot(), acsc(), asec() inverse cotangens, cosecans, secans functions.
• coth(), csch(), sech() hyperbolic cotangens, cosecans, secans functions.
• acoth(), acsch(), asech() inverse hyperbolic cotangens, cosecans, and secans functions.

pracma 1.2.9 (2012-12-02)

• bvp() changed to solve second order boundary value problems.
• trisolve() solves tridiagonal linear equation systems.
• curvefit() fits points in the plane with a polynomial curve.

pracma 1.2.8 (2012-11-30)

• lsqlin() least-squares solver with linear equality constraints.
• pinv() now works like MASS::ginv() for singular matrices.
• Added the end-‘;’ feature to str2num().
• toc() added invisible return value.

pracma 1.2.7 (2012-11-22)

• procrustes() solving the Procrustes problem, and kabsch() implements the Kabsch algorithm.
• kriging() ordinary and simple Kriging interpolation.
• Corrected some stupid errors in str2num().

pracma 1.2.6 (2012-11-11)

• akimaInterp() univariate Akima interpolation.
• Moved transfinite() to package ‘adagio’.

pracma 1.2.5 (2012-10-28)

• histc() Histogram-like counting (MATLAB style).
• Added warning to complexstep() if imaginary part is zero.

pracma 1.2.4 (2012-10-25)

• Added option ‘pinv’ to mldivide() to return same results as MATLAB.
• str2num(), num2str() conversion functions (MATLAB style).
• Removed some ‘author’ entries on help pages.

pracma 1.2.3 (2012-10-17)

• Renamed mrank() to Rank().
• Corrected nullspace() [thanks to Stephane Laurent], which now agrees with Octave’s null() function (MASS:Null appears buggy, too).
• Corrected gaussNewton() and fsolve() [thanks to Etienne Chamayou].

pracma 1.2.2 (2012-10-10)

• bsxfun() apply binary function elementwise (MATLAB style).
• added the analytic solution for the example in bvp().

pracma 1.2.1 (2012-09-28)

• rosenbrock() added, moved testfunctions to ‘adagio’ package.
• euler_heun() improved Euler method for solving ODEs.
• logit() function added to sigmoid().
• Keyword ‘ode’ introduced.

pracma 1.2.0 (2012-09-27)

• matlab() can reinstall MATLAB function names.

pracma 1.1.9 (2012-09-25)

• gcd(), lcm() greatest common divisor, least common multiple now working on a vector of integers.
• Removed number-theoretic functions: eulersPhi(), moebiusFun(), mertensFun(), sigma(), tau(), omega(), Omega(), primes2(), twinPrimes(), nextPrime(), previousPrime(), modpower(), modorder(), modinv(), modlin(), primroot(), contfrac(), coprime(), GCD(), LCM(), extGCD(), (these functions are now available in the ‘numbers’ package).

pracma 1.1.8 (2012-09-19)

• ezcontour(), ezmesh() wrappers for contour(), image(), persp().
• erfi() imaginary error function.

pracma 1.1.7 (2012-08-06)

• moler() Moler matrix

pracma 1.1.6 (2012-07-20)

• Removed ‘.Rapphistory’ from the tests directory (again) [and use “–as-cran” for the checks].
• disp() display text or array (MATLAB Style), i.e. cat() with newline.

pracma 1.1.5 (2012-07-18)

• Renamed functions with capital first letter to avoid name clashes: mtrace -> Trace, mdiag -> Diag, strtrim -> strTrim, vnorm -> Norm, reshape -> Reshape, find -> finds, fix -> Fix, poly ->Poly, mode -> Mode, real -> Real, imag -> Imag, toeplitz -> Toeplitz.

pracma 1.1.4 (2012-06-26)

• gammainc() (lower and upper) incomplete gamma function, also the regularized gamma function, all allowing negative x values.
• polylog() the polylogarithm functions for |z| < 1 and n >= -4 .

pracma 1.1.3 (2012-06-17)

• fminsearch() now implements Nelder-Mead (similar to optim), and Fletcher-Powell when “dfree=FALSE” is chosen.
• Test functions rosenbrock() and rastrigin().

pracma 1.1.2 (2012-06-13)

• nelder_mead() implements Nelder-Mead for nonlinear optimization.
• hooke-jeeves() Hooke-Jeeves algorithm for direct search.
• fletcher_powell() Davidon-Fletcher-Powell method for function minimization (alternative to BFGS approach).
• steep_descent() minimization of functions using steepest descent.

pracma 1.1.1 (2012-06-10)

• fminbnd() now implements Brent’s function minimization algorithm with golden section search and parabolic interpolation (same as optimize).
• transfinite() transformation function between bounded and unbounded (box constraint) regions.

pracma 1.1.0 (2012-06-06)

• hurst(), hurstexp() calculate the Hurst exponent of a time series.
• Updated the NEWS.Rd file.

pracma 1.0.9 (2012-06-03)

• lsqnonneg() solves nonnegative least-squares problems by using the trick “x –> exp(x)” and applying lsqnonlin(); example function lsqcurvefit() for nonlinear curve fitting.
• Renamed ridder() to ridders(), thanks to Robert Monfera for pointing it out (he also suggested a multi-dimensional variant).

pracma 1.0.8 (2012-05-22)

• movavg() moving average of types “simple”, “weighted”, “modified”, “exponential” (EMA), or “triangular”.
• modlin() solves modular linear equations.

pracma 1.0.7 (2012-05-11)

• lsqnonlin() solves nonlinear least-squares problems using the Levenberg-Marquardt approach.
• renamed froots() to findzeros(), and fmins() to findmins().

pracma 1.0.6 (2012-04-21)

• fornberg() finite difference (i.e., polynomial) approximation of derivatives for unevenly spaced grid points – Fornberg’s method.

pracma 1.0.5 (2012-04-15)

• randsample() randomly sampling, alias for sample (MATLAB style).
• rands() generates uniform random points on an N-sphere.
• Added tic(), toc() measuring elapsed time (MATLAB style).
• previousPrime() finds the next prime below a number.

pracma 1.0.4 (2012-04-01)

• invlap() computes the inverse Lapacian numerically.
• ppfit() piecewise polynomial fitting procedure.

pracma 1.0.3 (2012-03-21)

• cubicspline() interpolating cubic spline (w/ endpoint conditions).
• mkpp() and ppval() for piecewise polynomial structures.

pracma 1.0.2 (2012-03-17)

• accumarray() resembles the related MATLAB function more closely.
• invperm() returns the inverse of a permutation.
• randperm() changed to make it more MATLAB-like.

pracma 1.0.1 (2012-03-09)

• plotyy() corrected right ordinate, prettying the labels.
• peaks() peaks function (MATLAB style).

pracma 1.0.0 (2012-03-01)

• Updated the NEWS.Rd file.

pracma 0.9.9 (2012-02-29)

• qrSolve solves overdetermined system of linear equations.
• DSCsearch() removed, now in package ‘pracopt’.
• randp() found a better, non-selective approach.

pracma 0.9.8 (2012-02-23)

• gramSchmidt() modified Gram-Schmidt process.
• householder() Householder reflections and QR decomposition.
• givens() Givens rotation and QR decomposition.
• corrected a small error in ridder() (thanks to Roger Harbord); new example of how to use ridder() with Rmpfr for multiple precision.

pracma 0.9.7 (2012-02-17)

• erf() corrected, erfc() and erfcx() as new functions, including their inverses erfinv() and erfcinv().
• hypot() now numerically more stable (thanks to Jerry Lewis).

pracma 0.9.6 (2012-01-25)

• Changed third example for dblquad() [new Windows toolchain problem].
• Deactivated the test for gammaz() because of problems on Solaris.

pracma 0.9.5 (2012-01-16)

• kmeanspp() kmeans++ clustering algorithm.
• hampel() with new option, fuelled by a blog entry of Ron Pearson.

pracma 0.9.4 (2012-01-08)

• DSCsearch() Davies-Swann-Campey search in one dimension.
• Improved modpower() through modular exponentiation. added lehmann_test() Lehmann’s primality test as example.
• Corrected polar() and andrewsplot().

pracma 0.9.3 (2011-12-27)

• direct1d() one-dimensional version of the DIRECT algorithm for global function minimization.

pracma 0.9.2 (2011-12-26)

• approx_entropy() approximate entropy of a time series.
• circshift() circularly shifting arrays (MATLAB Style).

pracma 0.9.1 (2011-12-12)

• plotyy() plots curves with y-axes on both left and right side.
• fplot() plots components of a multivariate function.

pracma 0.9.0 (2011-12-11)

• errorbar() routine for plotting error bars in both directions.
• whittaker() Whittaker-Henderson smoothing** Not yet running** .
• rref() reduced row echelon form.

pracma 0.8.9 (2011-12-08)

• cutpoints() automatically finds cutting points based on gaps.
• hausdorff_dist calculates the Hausdorff distance / Hausdorff dimension.
• nnz() number of non-zeros elements (MATLAB style).

pracma 0.8.8 (2011-12-06)

• polar() for polar plots (MATLAB style), see the example plots.
• andrewsplot() plots Andrews curves in polar coordinates.
• Vectorized: cart2sph(), sph2cart(), cart2pol(), pol2cart().

pracma 0.8.7 (2011-11-30)

• deg2rad(), rad2deg().
• figure() MATLAB style and pltcross() plotting crosses.

pracma 0.8.6 (2011-11-21)

• ridder() Ridder’s method for zero finding of univariate functions.

pracma 0.8.5 (2011-11-19)

• sqrtm() matrix square root, based on Denman-Beavers iteration, rootm() matrix p-th root, computing a complex contour integral, signm() matrix sign function. o fzero() now uses the new zeroin() function, i.e., a Brent-Dekker approach instead of refering to uniroot().
• twinPrimes() twin primes in a given interval, and nextPrime() will find the next higher prime.

pracma 0.8.4 (2011-11-14)

• Transformations between cartesian, spherical, polar and cylindrical coordinate systems: cart2sph(), sph2cart(), cart2pol(), pol2cart().
• randp() uniformly random points in the unit circle.

pracma 0.8.3 (2011-11-11)

• accumarray() grouping elements and applying a function to each group.
• uniq() MATLAB-style ‘unique’ function, allsums() in the examples.
• small correction to fsolve(), mentioned on the ‘check summary’ page.

pracma 0.8.2 (2011-11-04)

• newmark() Newmark’s method for solving second order differential equations of the form y’‘(t) = f(t, y(t), y’(t)) on [t1, t2].
• cranknic() Crank-Nicolson ‘ivp’ solver, combining the forward and backward Euler methods for ordinary differential equations.

pracma 0.8.1 (2011-10-30)

• Corrected pinv() for (nearly) singular matrices.
• Renamed ifactor() to factors().

pracma 0.8.0 (2011-10-27)

• Minor corrections and improvements to the ‘pracma.pdf’ manual, incl. numdiff(), refindall(), trigApprox(), and subspace().

pracma 0.7.9 (2011-10-22)

• spinterp() monotonic (and later on shape-preserving) interpolation following the approach of Delbourgo and Gregory.

pracma 0.7.8 (2011-10-17)

• bvp() solves boundary value problems of the following kind: -u’‘(x) + c1 u’(x) + c2 u(x) = f(x) for x in [a, b].

pracma 0.7.7 (2011-10-14)

• primes2(n1, n2) will return all prime numbers betweeen n1 and n2 (without storing the numbers from sqrt(n2) up to n2).

pracma 0.7.6 (2011-08-05)

• gaussNewton() for function minimization and solving systems of nonlinear equations. fsolve() as a wrapper for it.
• fzsolve() for root finding of complex functions.
• softline() Fletcher’s inexact linesearch algorithm.

pracma 0.7.5 (2011-07-26)

• Put NEWS.Rd in the /inst subdirectory (and NEWS.pdf in /doc), thanks to Kurt Hornik; slightly changed the version numbering.

pracma 0.7-4 (2011-07-22)

• rortho() generate random orthogonal matrix of size n.
• Titanium data set for testing fitting procedures.

pracma 0.7-3 (2011-07-15)

• erf() and erfc() error and complementary error functions (MATLAB style) as (almost) aliases for pnorm().
• erfz() complex error function.

pracma 0.7-2 (2011-07-11)

• broyden() quasi-Newton root finding method for systems of nonlinear equations.

pracma 0.7-1 (2011-07-09)

• cross() has been vectorized (remark on R-help).

pracma 0.7-0 (2011-07-07)

• Sigmoid and Einstein functions.

pracma 0.6-9 (2011-07-06)

• Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method of order (5,4).

pracma 0.6-8 (2011-07-05)

• triquad() Gaussian quadrature over triangles.
• cotes() Newton-Cotes integration formulae for 2 to 8 nodes.

pracma 0.6-7 (2011-07-04)

• lagrangeInterp(), newtonInterp() Lagrange and Newton polynomial interpolation, neville() Neville’s methods.
• tril(), triu() extracting triangular matrices (MATLAB style).

pracma 0.6-6 (2011-07-02)

• charpoly() computes the characteristic polynomial, the determinant, and the inverse for matrices that are relativly small, applying the Faddejew-Leverrier method.
• froots() to find all roots (also of second or higher order) of a univariate function in a given interval. The same with fmins() to find all minima.

pracma 0.6-5 (2011-07-01)

• Adams-Bashford and Adams-Moulton (i.e., multi-step) methods for ordinary differential equations in function abm3pc().

pracma 0.6-4 (2011-06-30)

• Changed the description to be more precise about the package.

pracma 0.6-3 (2011-06-28)

• rationalfit() rational function approximation
• ratinterp() rational interpolation a la Burlisch-Stoer.

pracma 0.6-2 (2011-06-26)

• pade() Pade approximation.

pracma 0.6-1 (2011-06-25)

• quadgk() adaptive Gauss-Kronrod quadrature.

pracma 0.6-0 (2011-06-24)

• Added differential equation example to expm()’s help page.
• Changed NEWS file to become simpler (no subsections).

pracma 0.5-9 (2011-06-23)

• quadl() recursive adaptive Gauss-Lobatto quadrature.
• simpadpt() another recursively adaptive Simpson’s rule.
• Added testing procedures for all integration routines; corrected, refined some of these procedures.

pracma 0.5-8 (2011-06-20)

• quadgr() Gaussian Quadrature with Richardson extrapolation, can handle singularities at endpoints and (half-)infinite intervals.

pracma 0.5-7 (2011-06-18)

• expm() for matrix exponentials.
• clenshaw_curtis() the Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature formula.

pracma 0.5-6 (2011-06-17)

• simpson2d() as non-adaptive 2-dimensional Simpson integration.
• dblquad() twofold application of internal function integrate().

pracma 0.5-5 (2011-06-15)

• gaussHermite() and gaussLaguerre() for infinite intervals.
• Fresnel integrals fresnelS() and frenelC().

pracma 0.5-4 (2011-06-12)

• gaussLegendre() computes coefficients for Gauss Quadrature, and quad2d() uses these weights for 2-dimensional integration.
• quadinf() wrapper for integrate() on infinite intervals.

pracma 0.5-3 (2011-06-06)

• ode23() solving first order (systems of) differential equations.
• barylag2d() 2-dimensional barycentric Lagrange interpolation.

pracma 0.5-2 (2011-06-04)

• interp2() for two-dimensional interpolation.
• gradient() now works in two dimensions too.

pracma 0.5-1 (2011-06-01)

• fzero(), fminbnd(), fminsearch(), fsolve() as aliases for uniroot(), optimize(), optim() with Nelder-Mead, newtonsys().

pracma 0.5-0 (2011-05-31)

• Corrections to help pages.

pracma 0.4-9 (2011-05-30)

• romberg() and gauss_kronrod() for numerical integration.
• Richardson’s extrapolation in numderiv(), numdiff().
• Discrete numerical derivatives (one dimension): gradient().

pracma 0.4-8 (2011-05-28)

• Numerical function derivatives: fderiv(), grad().
• Specialized operators: hessian(), laplacian().
• Application: taylor().

pracma 0.4-7 (2011-05-27)

• plot vector fields: quiver() and vectorfield().
• findintervals().
• Corrections in deval(), deeve(), using findintervals().

pracma 0.4-6 (2011-05-26)

• Laguerre’s method laguerre().
• rk4() and rk4sys() classical fourth order Runge-Kutta.
• deval(), deeve() evaluate ODE solutions.

pracma 0.4-5 (2011-05-24)

• Lebesgue coefficient: lebesgue().
• poly2str() for string representation of a polynomial.

pracma 0.4-4 (2011-05-23)

• Dirichlet’s eta() and Riemann’s zeta() function.
• rmserr() different accuracy measures; std_err() standard error.

pracma 0.4-3 (2011-05-22)

• polypow() and polytrans() for polynomials.
• polyApprox() polynomial approximation using Chebyshev.
• trigPoly(), trigApprox() for trigonometric regression.

pracma 0.4-2 (2011-05-17)

• segm_intersect() and segm_distance() segment distances.
• inpolygon().

pracma 0.4-1 (2011-05-13)

• polyadd() polynomial addition.
• conv() and deconv() time series (de)convolution.
• detrend() removes (piecewise) linear trends.
• ifft() for normalized inverse Fast Fourier Transform.

pracma 0.4-0 (2011-05-10)

• Added tests for functions since version 0.3-7.

pracma 0.3-9 (2011-05-09)

• and() and or().

pracma 0.3-8 (2011-05-06)

• pchip() and option `cubic’ for interp1() interpolation.
• The complex gamma functions gammaz().
• hadamard() and toeplitz() matrices.

pracma 0.3-7 (2011-05-04)

• Rank of a matrix, mrank(), and nullspace() for the kernel.
• orth(), orthogonal basis of the image space, and subspace() determines the angle between two subspaces.
• normest() for estimating the (Frobenius) norm of a matrix, and cond() determines the condition number of a matrix.

pracma 0.3-6 (2011-04-30)

• fact(), more accurate than the R internal function `factorial’.
• ezplot() as an alias for curve(), but with option ``fill = TRUE’’.
• aitken() for accelerating iterations.
• Renamed polycnv() to polymul().
• Renamed outlierMAD() to hampel().

pracma 0.3-5 (2011-04-23)

• Lambert W function lambertWp() for the real principal branch.
• ``Complex Step’’ derivation with complexstep() and complexstepJ().

pracma 0.3-4 (2011-04-21)

• Barycentric Lagrange interpolation through barylag().
• polyfit2() fits a polynomial that exactly meets one additional point.
• Added more references to the help entry `pracma-package.Rd’.

pracma 0.3-3 (2011-04-19)

• hornerdefl() for also returning the deflated polynomial.
• newtonHorner() combining Newton’s method and the Horner scheme for root finding for polynomials.
• jacobian() computes the Jacobian of a function R^n –> R^m as simple numerical derivative.
• newtonsys() applies Newton’s method to functions R^n –> R^n with special application to root finding of complex functions.
• newton() renamed to newtonRaphson().

pracma 0.3-2 (2011-04-17)

• Sorting functions: bubbleSort(), insertionSort(), selectionSort(), shellSort(), heapSort(), mergeSort(), mergeOrdered(), quickSort(), quickSortx(), is.sorted(), and testSort().
• Functions from number theory: eulersPhi(), moebiusFun() and the mertensFun(), sigma(), tau(), omega(), and Omega().

pracma 0.3-1 (2011-04-16)

• Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind: chebPoly(), chebCoeff(), and chebApprox().

pracma 0.3-0 (2011-04-09)

• New version of NEWS.Rd, NEWS.pdf.
• More test functions for root finding and quadrature.

pracma 0.2-9

• fnorm() and the Runge function runge().
• contfrac(), rat(), and rats() for continuous fractions.
• meshgrid() and magic().

pracma 0.2-8

• quad() adaptive Simpson quadrature.
• Minimum finding with fibsearch() and golden_ratio().
• Root finding with newton(), secant(), and brentDekker().

pracma 0.2-7

• Regular expression functions regexp(), regexpi(), regexprep() and refindall().

pracma 0.2-6

• String functions blanks(), strtrim(), deblank(), strjust(), strrep().
• interp1() one-dimensional interpolation (incl. spline)

pracma 0.2-5

• MATLAB functions mode(), clear() and beep().

pracma 0.2-4

• primroot() finds the smallest primitive root modulo a given n; needed functions are modpower() and modorder().
• humps() and sinc(): MATLAB test functions.
• Root finding through bisection: bisect(), regulaFalsi().
• outlierMAD(), findpeaks(), and piecewise().
• polycnv() for polynomial multiplication.
• Functions extgcd(), gcd(), and lcm() have been renamed to extGCD(), GCD(), and LCM() respectively.

pracma 0.2-3

• strfind(), strfindi(), and findstr().
• circlefit() fitting a circle to plane points.
• mldivide() and mrdivide(), emulating the MATLAB backslash operator.

pracma 0.2-2

• vnorm() vector norm
• Warning about a nasty “non-ASCII input” in the savgol.RD file resolved.

pracma 0.2-1 (2011-03-17)

• horner() implementing the horner scheme for evaluating a polynomial and its derivative.
• savgol() Savitzki-Golay smoothing and needed pseudoinverse pinv().

pracma 0.2-0

• Package renamed to ‘pracma’ to avoid name clashes with packages such as ‘matlab’ that are sticking closer to the original.
• Added ‘pracma-package’ section to the manual.

pracma 0.1-9 (2011-03-13)

• reshape(), repmat(), and blkdiag() matrix functions.
• combs() chooses all combinations of k elements out of n, and randcomb() generates a random selection.
• perms() generates all permutations, randperm() a random permutation.
• Pascal triangle as pascal(); nchoosek() returns binomial coefficients.
• Some string functions: strcmp(), strcmpi(), strcat().

pracma 0.1-8 (2011-03-10)

• std() as refinement of the standard deviation function.
• ceil() and fix() as aliases for ceiling() and trunc(). [floor() and round() already exist in R.]
• Modulo functions mod(), rem() and integer division idiv().
• Integer functions related to the Euclidean algorithm: extgcd(), gcd(), lcm(), coprime(), and modinv().
• distmat() and crossn(), the vector product in n-dimensional space.

pracma 0.1-7 (2011-03-08)

• size(), numel(), ndims(), isempty(), and find().
• eye(), ones(), zeros().
• Functions returning random numbers: rand(), randn(), randi().
• linspace(), logspace(), and logseq() for linearly, logarithmically, and exponentially spaced sequences.

pracma 0.1-6 (2011-03-06)

• Matrix functions mdiag() and mtrace() added. inv() is introduced as an alias for solve() in R.
• Generate special matrices hankel(), rosser(), and wilkinson(). kron() is an alias for the R function kronecker().
• Renamed factors() to ifactor() to distinguish it more clearly from factors as used in R.

pracma 0.1-5

• Added function for flipping or rotating numeric and complex matrices: flipdim(). flipud(), fliplr(), and rot90().

pracma 0.1-4

• Added functions for generating sequences of (log-)linearly spaced numeric values: linspace() and logspace().
• Added basic complex functions real(), imag(), conj(), and angle() which are essentially only aliases of the R functions Re(), Im(), or Conj(). angle() returns the angle of a complex number in radians. The R function Mod() is here only available as abs().

pracma 0.1-3 (2011-02-20)

• Added compan() function for the `companion’ matrix; the eig() function is an alias for the R eigen()values function.
• Added the polynomial functions poly(), polyder(), polyfit(), polyint(), and polyval().
• roots() returns real and complex roots of polynomials.
• Simplified the trapz() function.

pracma 0.1-2

• Added functions from number theory: primes(), isprime() and factors(). The corresponding function for factors() in MATLAB/Octave is called factor(), but that name should not be shadowed in R!
• Added the polyarea() and trapz() functions.

pracma 0.1-1

• Added some simple functions such as nthroot(), pow2(), and nextpow2().
• dot() and cross() functions for scalar and vector product.
• Generate matrices through vander() and hilb().

pracma 0.1-0 (Initial Version)

INSTALLATION

• ‘pracma’ will be a pure R package without using any source code. Therefore, installation will be immediate on all platforms.

INTENTION

• This package provides R implementations of more advanced math functions from MATLAB and Octave (and the Euler Math Toolbox) with a special view on optimization and time series routines.